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this guide concentrates on IDE because it is still widely used, the newer SATA is very basically covered, but, you can add a SATA device with this guide by just ignoring the IDE specific parts
as you know HDD have being getting bigger & cheaper, personally, i started with computers in the days of DOS & Win3.11 (much simpler times) anyway, about 10 - 15 years ago the maximum HDD size was about 8.4Gb (i still have some old 8.4Gb HDDs kicking about) by default WinXP is limited to 137Gb which can be overcome by sliptreaming your XP CD to XP SP1 / SP2
BTW: you do not need to apply SP1 then apply SP2, just slipstream SP2 into your XP CD and it will automatically apply all SP1 updates
anyway, a 20GB HDD was considered massive, however, now it could be filled with a few mp3s or iso images, this is more than a good reason to install another HDD.
RAID (Redundancy Array for Independent / Inexpensive Disks) are usually only found on high end servers, but, that doesn’t mean you can’t add a RAID array to your system
Whatever the reason may be for adding another HDD, this guide will cover the basic steps[ul]
[li]the SCSI interfaces are mentioned & not fully explained[/li][li]the info guide is not complete, but, it is complete enough to help you add another HDD to your PC[/li][li]i’m only human (not a real donkey) so, i can make mistakes[/ul][ot]so pwease don’t sue me[/ot]Step 1: which HDD Interface in use on / in your PC?[/li]
there are currently 4 main types of HDD interfaces in use today, they are:
HDD interfaces:[ul]
[li]IDE - IDE/ATA - Integrated Drive Electronics/AT Attachment[/li][li]SATA - Serial ATA[/li][li]SATAII - SATA2[/li][li]SCSI - Small Computer Systems Interface[/ul]SCSI controllers are a high performance interface are also usually associated with high-end servers - it is very unlikely you will purchase a system with a SCSI controller unless specified by you[/li]
IDE was the most common HDD interface, however, it’s being overtaken by SATA, but it is still in general use, If your PC was manufactured before 2004 then it probably has IDE, but that doesn’t mean you can’t use SATA, you can add a SATA controller card
There are several IDE versions available, but thankfully they are compatible with each other (backward & forward compatible however some configs have an adverse effect on performance) connecting an old ATA/33 drive to an ATA133 controller will only transfer data @ 33Mb/s & connecting an ATA133 drive to an ATA33 controller will only transfer speed of 33Mb/s (basically you can only transfer data @ the maximum speed of the slowest device)
the IDE standards are:
PIO mode
This is very old now, it is associated with the original Pentium and earlier It uses an old 40 connection IDE cable and operated in 5 modes (which determined the speed) you could use an 80 connector cable if you want, personally i only buy 80 connector cables because they function with all IDE devices
DMA mode – Direct Memory Access
DMA offers far more performance than other modes available, it also only uses a 40 connector IDE cable, however, you can use an 80 connector cable if you want,
UDMA mode – Ultra Direct Memory Access
UDMA is faster than DMA & the fastest available IDE, however you must use the 80-pin cable to benefit from the high speeds of UDMA (using a 40-pin cable will reduce the speed to DMA speeds
IDE HDD connection is below
http://img124.imageshack.us/img124/8592/ide0pm.jpg
SATA (picture of SATA HDD below)
The successor to the now old IDE interface. SATA offers better performance than IDE & longer cables (upto 1M or 39") The SATA2 interface also benefits from being “hot-pluggable” this means you can add a SATA2 HDD without having to restarting your system
SCSI (SCSI HDD below)
http://img110.imageshack.us/img110/7743/scsisca80pin7vi.jpg
Step 2: what existing HDD types do you have and plan your new HDD install
Do you have room for another HDD?, probably, as most PCs have space for 2, 3 or 4 HDDs
Most computers today are sold with 1 HDD & 1 CD / DVD
this is important: You can only install a maximum of 4 IDE devices into a standard computer, but, you can have more than 4 by simply adding another IDE controller or a SATA controller (I/O card) which connects to the motherboard’s PCI slot, below are the most common devices[ul]
[li]HDD[/li][li]CD[/li][li]DVD[/ul]older IDE compatible motherboards did have two IDE controllers, however, most / all new mobos have 4 SATA ports, each capable of taking 1 SATA HDD & 1 IDE conntroller, IDE controllers can support two devices on each channel, in the following configurations:[/li]
IDE Channel 1 (sometimes called channel 0 (zero) = Primary IDE[ul]
[li] The first device on this channel is called the Primary Master (device 0 (zero))[/li][li] The second device on this channel is called the Primary Slave (device 1)[/ul]IDE Channel 2 (somtimes called channel 1) = Secondary IDE[ul][/li][li] The first device on this channel is called the Secondary Master (device 2)[/li][li] The second device on this channel is called the Secondary Slave (device 3)GTribe - Log In or Sign Up 3: Installing the hard drive[/B][/U][/li]
either a HDD or a CD can be set to Master or Slave however you will find it easier to remain with tradition & use HDD as master
Open up your computer’s case and locate the IDE connectors on the mobo, HDDs and / or CDs
computers can come in any variety of the following configs
Config 1
1 HDD & CD / DVD drive connected to a single IDE channel usually using the Primary IDE. The HDD is traditionally set to Master and the CD set to Slave
Config 2
1 HDD & a CD drive connected to separate IDE cables. The HDD is traditionally connected to Primary IDE channel and the CD drive will be connected to the Secondary IDE channel, as master or slave
Config 3
HDD and 2 CD drives connected on separate IDE cables. The hard drive will be connected to the Primary IDE channel, while the two CD drives will share the Secondary IDE channel. The hard drive will be set to Master, the first CD will be set to Master (usually a CD / DVD burner) and the second CD will be set to Slave
These configs will come up again later in this guide.
What determines whether a device is Master or Slave?
There are 3 setting to concider when you determin whether a device is labelled Master or Slave. They are:[ul]
[li] the devices position on the IDE cable - C/S (cable select, discussed later)[/li][li]set the jumper on the device to master[/li][li]set the jumper on the device to slave[formatbox][/ul]ImageShack - Best place for all of your image hosting and image sharing needs 1 connects to a motherboard
Connectors labled 2, connect to a HDDs and CD
[li]The position of the jumper[/formatbox][/li]
Every IDE device includes a set of jumpers. They are a set of pins located at the back of the device There are usually 6 of these pins, laid out in two rows. A small piece of plastic is used to connect two of these pins together is called a jumper, This makes three configs possible (as you can see in the IDE pic above) These jumpers determine whether the device should be Master, Slave or Cable Select (CS).
What is Cable Select?
When Cable Select is used, the device’s position on the cable is what ultimately decides whether it’s Master or Slave. If you remember, a device connected to the middle of the cable is assigned as Slave. A device connected to the end of the cable is assigned Master.
NOTE: Jumper settings are usually printed on the HDD or on a sticker on the HDD, Please reference them first, & observe the location of the IDE & molex connections on the jumper table layout
If you look at the picture above, These are the for selecting Master, Slave or Cable Select Obviously things can differ between manufacturers, so, you are best relying on the HDDs config label to set a device as Master, Slave or Cable Select
Should my extra HDD be Master or Slave?
IDE cables have usually have three connections. The first connector plugs into the mobo (usually bule) The following two are used for connecting devices to the computer. The connector located in the middle of the cable is traditionally for a Slave device. The connector at the far end is traditionally used for your Master Device.
traditionally you should use the connector located at the far end of the cable, farthest from the mobo first (master) but, tradition can be broken, there is actually no reason why the device on the middle connector can’t be master & the device in the middle connector be the slave, but, because it’s easier to understand, we’ll stay with tradition
traditionally, a hard drive should always be set to Master,
why do we set HDDs to master?
well, mobo’s usually boot first from the Primary master & there is misconception that 2 device using 1 cable reduces the performance of 1 or both devices, this was true a while ago, but, now ATA66 devices and above do not suffer any performance loss because an ATA66 and above device has use of 40 connectors for each device
Where shall I connect my second hard drive?
A few paragraphs back, I listed some of the common IDE configs found in most PCs. we’ll use these as our basis for adding a HDD. Please reference those configurations before readnext part may confuse you
Config 1
This config uses only 1 IDE cable & the Primary IDE Channel.
The first thing you we need an IDE cable, now we need to specify Master, Slave or Cable Select on the HDD
Next, plug the blue end of the IDE cable into the mobo’s Secondary IDE channel. There is a small notch on the connector, which means it can only plug in one way
in addition you may have you noticed the red stripe going down the side of the IDE cable, this denotes pin#1 on the cable just match up pin#1 on the cable with pin#1 on the device or mobo
BTW: it may be helpful to use a magnifiying glass to find the location of pin#1 (1 is usually printed on a cicuit board
HDDs need power, so, we need to use a spare molex connector, molex connector are a common cause for HDDs not spinning up, if your HDD is not powering up, waggle the molex connector, molex connectors can usually not be inserted upsidedown, so, insert carfully
(pic below is of 2 HDDs using their molex connectors
http://img293.imageshack.us/img293/2130/redstripes6ud.jpg
nealy done we just need to secure the new HDD in the case, replace the lid & power up
Config 2
There are two ways you could go about adding another HDD to this type of setup. You could add it to the Primary IDE channel as a Slave, or you could connect the other HDD to the Secondary IDE channel with the CD device
Unplug the IDE cable from the CD drive. & set the jumper on the CD to Slave (or Cable Select). Set the jumpers on the new hard drive to Master (or Cable Select) and connect it to the cable. Finally, connect the CD to the cable
Config 3
Again, there are several ways to go about this. To keep things simple, we are going to add another HDD as a Slave to the existing Master. All you need to do is set the new HDD to Slave (or Cable Select, if your existing HDD is using C/S (as mine is)) and connect it the cable. & connect the Molex power connector and screw the hard drive into the case, and replace your system cover (lid) and your done, congrats, you’ve just added another HDD
donkey, any suggestions will be greatfully received
please leave C & C
i think it’s finished, but, i will check it again tomorrow